HUMANUS.VC™ · Pre-seed & seed venture capital

We map the space economy. Then we write its first cheques.

We back founders building commercial space and allied defence technology across the Five Eyes, from Earth to the Moon.

Capability · size = companies tracked Portfolio holds it Hover or tap a node
43.65°N 79.38°W · Toronto 47.61°N 122.33°W · Seattle Mandate · Five Eyes Stage · Pre-seed → Seed Atlas · 548 companies · 35 capabilities
Earth & launch · 0 to 400 km
01 · Earth and launch

Everything starts with leaving the ground.

11 capabilities, from launch vehicles and propulsion to the ground systems that talk to everything above. Juno Propulsion is rebuilding the rocket engine.

02 · Orbit

Where the space economy already lives.

17 capabilities. Earth observation alone holds 85 of the companies we track. Portal Space Systems gives spacecraft the power to move on demand.

03 · Cislunar and beyond

The next frontier is being built now.

7 capabilities, from lunar landers to surface power. Few companies hold them yet. That is the opportunity.

The HUMANUS Atlas

548 companies. 35 capabilities. One map.

Sovereignty is moving to orbit™. We map who is building it, then we write the first cheque.

The edge of Earth seen from orbit

Sovereignty is moving to orbit.™ Navigation, timing, communications and warning all pass through space before they reach the ground. The capability free nations will rely on is being started today, by small teams. We meet them first.

The ride got cheap. So the value moved up the stack.

Cost to put one kilogram in low Earth orbit, in US dollars. When launch is abundant, value moves into what operates in orbit: propulsion, servicing, sensing and autonomy.

Space Shuttle · 1981$85,216About 90 times Falcon Heavy
Atlas V 551 · 2016$5,685About 6 times Falcon Heavy
Falcon 9 · 2010$1,500Reusable boosters begin
Falcon Heavy · 2018$951The cheapest flown per kilogram
Starship target · 2026+<$100A target, not yet a flown price
Log scale. Source: Bryce Space and Technology; SpaceX; NASA historical data. The Starship figure is a target, not a flown price.
Launch cost per kilogram to low Earth orbit
Vehicle and yearUS dollars per kilogram
Space Shuttle · 1981$85,216
Atlas V 551 · 2016$5,685
Falcon 9 · 2010$1,500
Falcon Heavy · 2018$951
Starship target · 2026+<$100
What we back

Three layers of one orbital economy. We back the hardware and software every mission needs.

Earth · Surface to LEO

Guarding Earth from space

Satellites that watch, listen and communicate for allied nations, in peacetime and in conflict.

Orbit · low Earth orbit

Hardware that moves things in space

Propulsion, mobility and servicing: the engines of an orbital economy.

Ground · Every mission

Software that turns data into decisions

Ground systems, mission software and autonomy that make space usable on Earth.

The gap

We know where the gap is. Because we mapped the whole field first.

Most investors see the companies that come to them. We see the field: who is building what, where it is crowded, and where nobody is building yet. That is where we write first cheques.

Illustrative. The live gap map is shared by invitation.
  1. 01 · The capability gap

    Where the field is empty

    The HUMANUS Atlas™ maps 548 companies across 35 capabilities, Earth to Moon. It shows us where the field is crowded, where it is thin, and which missions depend on a single supplier.

  2. 02 · The capital gap

    Where the money isn't

    Later rounds in SpaceTech have never been deeper, yet seed still draws only about a tenth of the dollars. The earliest cheque is the least crowded seat in the sector. In Canada the gap is sharpest between prototype and validation, TRL 4 to 7, which our State of Canadian Space 2025 report maps in detail.

    Sources: Seraphim Space Index, Q4 2025; HUMANUS.VC, State of Canadian Space 2025.
  3. 03 · The knowledge gap

    Where few investors can follow

    Very few early investors understand both the technology and how governments buy it. We spend our time with the engineers who build the hardware and the people who buy it.

Get early access to the AtlasBuilding in a gap? Pitch us

Built for hardware timelines.

Map before money

Every cheque is checked against the Atlas: who else holds the capability, who needs it first, and who buys it.

First cheque, real conviction

We invest at pre-seed and seed, when a technical founder's insight is the only asset on the table.

Allied by design

Built for Five Eyes buyers, export realities and sovereign supply chains from the first meeting.

Rooms others can't open

Podcasts, accelerators and programs that put founders in front of primes, agencies and the next round's lead.

Portfolio

Two engines.
One direction: up.

Transfer · LEO ↔ MEOHolding orbit
In-space mobility · Bothell, Washington, USA

Portal Space Systems

Launched Starburst-1 flew on SpaceX Bandwagon-5, October 20, 2026

Manoeuvrability when you need it. On demand.

Spacecraft built on solar thermal propulsion that reposition, rendezvous and persist, for missions a static satellite can't fly.

Read more portalsystems.space ↗
Rotating detonation · annulus3 co-rotating fronts
Propulsion · Seattle, USA

Juno Propulsion

Rocket engines, brought from 1940s physics into this century.

A rotating detonation engine burns propellant in a supersonic wave that spins around the chamber, releasing more energy from every kilogram. Juno is working toward the first one fired in orbit.

Read more junopropulsion.com ↗

Space is all we do. We have done it since 2019.

A specialist fund, run by someone who sees more of the field every year than almost anyone at pre-seed.

Jason Carvalho
Managing Partner

Jason Carvalho

Investing in SpaceTech at pre-seed since 2019 through Carvalho Capital, his family office. Sees more than 500 SpaceTech companies a year.

ProcessInstitutional diligence and a biweekly investment committee
Our filterThe 2022 technical vision
Based inToronto and Seattle
Meet the teamOur 2022 technical vision
The HUMANUS Atlas™

The map of the space economy no one else has.

Every company, funder, person and mission, connected by the capability it holds. It shows us where the field is crowded, where it is empty, and who depends on whom.

548Companies mapped
35Capabilities
384,400Km, Earth to Moon
The 3D Atlas · launching soonGet early access

Tell us what you're building. We write first cheques at pre-seed and seed.

A partner reads every submission, and we aim to give every founder a clear answer.

Pitch us

Send us your company

What happens next
  1. We read itA partner reviews every submission against the thesis and the Atlas.
  2. If it fits, we talkWe set up a first call and tell you what we'd need to see.
  3. Either way, we aim to say soWe try to give every founder a clear answer.
A lone figure on a vehicle beneath the Milky Way

Every giant leap starts with a first believer.

Building in commercial space or allied defence in Canada, the US, the UK, Australia or New Zealand, or backing those who do? Start here.